Physical Activity for Adolescents and Young Adults

KEY MESSAGES

Adolescents and young adults, both male and female, benefit from physical activity. Physical activity need not be strenuous to be beneficial. Moderate amounts of daily physical activity are recommended for people of all ages. This amount can be obtained in longer sessions of moderately intense activities, such as brisk walking for 30 minutes, or in shorter sessions of more intense activities, such as jogging or playing basketball for 15-20 minutes. Greater amounts of physical activity are even more beneficial, up to a point. Excessive amounts of physical activity can lead to injuries, menstrual abnormalities, and bone weakening.

FACTS

Nearly half of American youths aged 12-21 years are not vigorously active on a regular basis. About 14 percent of young people report no recent physical activity. Inactivity is more common among females (14%) than males (7%) and among black females (21%) than white females (12%). Participation in all types of physical activity declines strikingly as age or grade in school increases.

Only 19 percent of all high school students are physically active for 20 minutes or more, five days a week, in physical education classes. Daily enrollment in physical education classes dropped from 42 percent to 25 percent among high school students between 1991 and 1995. Well designed school-based interventions directed at increasing physical activity in physical education classes have been shown to be effective. Social support from family and friends has been onsistently and positively related to regular physical activity.

BENEFITS OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY

Helps build and maintain healthy bones, muscles, and joints. Helps control weight, build lean muscle, and reduce fat. Prevents or delays the development of high blood pressure and helps reduce blood pressure in some adolescents with hypertension.

WHAT COMMUNITIES CAN DO

  • Provide quality, preferably daily, K-12 physical education classes and hire physical education specialists to teach them.
  • Create opportunities for physical activities that are enjoyable, that promote adolescents' and young adults' confidence in their ability to be physically active, and that involve friends, peers, and parents.
  • Provide appropriate physically active role models for youths.
  • Provide access to school buildings and community facilities that enable safe participation in physical activity.
  • Provide a range of extracurricular programs in schools and community recreation centers to meet the needs and interests of specific adolescent and young adult populations, such as racial and ethnic minority groups, females, persons with disabilities, and low-income groups.
  • Encourage health care providers to talk routinely to adolescents and young adults about the importance of incorporating physical activity into their lives.

    FOR MORE INFORMATION CONTACT:

    Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
    National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion
    Division of Nutrition and Physical Activity, MS K-46
    4770 Buford Highway, NE
    Atlanta, Georgia 30341-3724
    1-888-CDC-4NRG or 1-888-232-4674 (Toll Free)
    http://www.cdc.gov

    The President's Council on Physical Fitness and Sports
    Box SG
    Suite 250
    701 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW
    Washington, DC 20004

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Physical Activity and Adults

KEY MESSAGES

Physical activity need not be strenuous to achieve health benefits. Men and women of all ages benefit from a moderate amount of daily physical activity. The same moderate amount of activity can be obtained in longer sessions of moderately intense activities (such as 30 minutes of brisk walking) as in shorter sessions of more strenuous activities (such as 15-20 minutes of jogging).

Additional health benefits can be gained through greater amounts of physical activity. Adults who maintain a regular routine of physical activity that is of longer duration or of greater intensity are likely to derive greater benefit. However, because risk of injury also increases with greater amounts of activity, care should be taken to avoid excessive amounts.

Previously sedentary people who begin physical activity programs should start with short sessions (5-10 minutes) of physical activity and gradually build up to the desired level of activity. Adults with chronic health problems, such as heart disease, diabetes, or obesity, or who are at high risk for these conditions should first consult a physician before beginning a new program of physical activity. Men over age 40 and women over age 50 who plan to begin a new program of vigorous activity should consult a physician to be sure they do not have heart disease or other health problems.

FACTS

  • More than 60 percent of U.S. adults do not engage in the recommended amount of activity.
  • Approximately 25 percent of U.S. adults are not active at all.
  • Physical inactivity is more common among:
    • Women than men
    • African American and Hispanic adults than whites
    • Older than younger adults
    • Less affluent than more affluent people
  • Social support from family and friends has been consistently and positively related to regular physical activity.

BENEFITS OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY

  • Reduces the risk of dying from coronary heart disease and of developing high blood pressure, colon cancer, and diabetes.
  • Can help reduce blood pressure in some people with hypertension.
  • Helps maintain healthy bones, muscles, and joints.
  • Reduces symptoms of anxiety and depression and fosters improvements in mood and feelings of well-being.
  • Helps control weight, develop lean muscle, and reduce body fat.

WHAT COMMUNITIES CAN DO

  • Provide environmental inducements to physical activity, such as safe, accessible, and attractive trails for walking a ndbicycling, and sidewalks with curb cuts.
  • Open schools for community recreation, form neighborhood watch groups to increase safety, and encourage malls and other indoor or protected locations to provide safe places for walking in any weather.
  • Provide community-based programs to meet the needs of specific populations, such as racial and ethnic minority groups, women, older adults, persons with disabilities, and low-income groups.
  • Encourage health care providers to talk routinely to their patients about incorporating physical activity into their lives.
  • Encourage employers to provide supportive worksite environments and policies that offer opportunities for employees to incorporate moderate physical activity into their daily lives.

 

FOR MORE INFORMATION CONTACT:

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion
Division of Nutrition and Physical Activity, MS K-46
4770 Buford Highway, NE
Atlanta, Georgia 30341-3724
1-888-CDC-4NRG or 1-888-232-4674 (Toll Free)
http://www.cdc.gov

The President's Council on Physical Fitness and Sports
Box SG
Suite 250
701 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW
Washington, DC 20004

 

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Physical Activity and Older Adults

KEY MESSAGES

Older adults, both male and female, can benefit from regular physical activity. Physical activity need not be strenuous to achieve health benefits. Older adults can obtain significant health benefits with a moderate amount of physical activity, preferably daily. A moderate amount of activity can be obtained in longer sessions of moderately intense activities (such as walking) or in shorter sessions of more vigorous activities (such as fast walking or stairwalking).

Additional health benefits can be gained through greater amounts of physical activity, either by increasing the duration, intensity, or frequency. Because risk of injury increases at high levels of physical activity, care should be taken not to engage in excessive amounts of activity. Previously sedentary older adults who begin physical activity programs should start with short intervals of moderate physical activity (5-10 minutes) and gradually build up to the desired amount.

Older adults should consult with a physician before beginning a new physical activity program. In addition to cardiorespiratory endurance (aerobic) activity, older adults can benefit from muscle-strengthening activities. Stronger muscles help reduce the risk of falling and improve the ability to perform the routine tasks of daily life.

FACTS

The loss of strength and stamina attributed to aging is in part caused by reduced physical activity. Inactivity increases with age. By age 75, about one in three men and one in two women engage in no physical activity. Among adults aged 65 years and older, walking and gardening or yard work are, by far, the most popular physical activities. Social support from family and friends has been consistently and positively related to regular physical activity.

BENEFITS OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY

  • Helps maintain the ability to live independently and reduces the risk of falling and fracturing bones.
  • Reduces the risk of dying from coronary heart disease and of developing high blood pressure, colon cancer, and diabetes.
  • Can help reduce blood pressure in some people with hypertension.
  • Helps people with chronic, disabling conditions improve their stamina and muscle strength.
  • Reduces symptoms of anxiety and depression and fosters improvements in mood and feelings of well-being.
  • Helps maintain healthy bones, muscles, and joints.
  • Helps control joint swelling and pain associated with arthritis.

WHAT COMMUNITIES CAN DO

  • Provide community-based physical activity programs that offer aerobic, strengthening, and flexibility components specifically designed for older adults.
  • Encourage malls and other indoor or protected locations to provide safe places for walking in any weather.
  • Ensure that facilities for physical activity accommodate and encourage participation by older adults.
  • Provide transportation for older adults to parks or facilities that provide physical activity programs.
  • Encourage health care providers to talk routinely to their older adult patients about incorporating physical activity into their lives.
  • Plan community activities that include opportunities for older adults to be physically active.

This information was taken from http://www.cdc.gov/nccdphp/sgr/fact.htm

FOR MORE INFORMATION CONTACT:

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion
Division of Nutrition and Physical Activity, MS K-46
4770 Buford Highway, NE
Atlanta, Georgia 30341-3724
1-888-CDC-4NRG or 1-888-232-4674 (Toll Free)
http://www.cdc.gov

The President's Council on Physical Fitness and Sports
Box SG
Suite 250
701 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW
Washington, DC 20004

 

Back

 

 

American Dental Association News Release
January 2001

Good Oral Health Practices Should Begin in Infancy

The American Dental Association (ADA) offers advice for parents and caregivers to help children maintain healthy teeth and gums:

  • Take your child to see the dentist regularly, scheduling a visit to the dentist within six months of the eruption of the first tooth, and no later than the child's first birthday.
  • Encourage children to drink from a cup by their first birthday.
  • Start brushing the child's teeth with water as soon as the first tooth appears.
  • Start flossing when two of the child's teeth begin to touch.
  • Brush and floss your child's teeth daily until the child can be taught to do this alone.
  • Make certain your child gets the right amount of fluoride needed for decay-resistant teeth. Ask your dentist how this can be done.
  • Ask your dentist about dental sealants, a thin protective barrier that shields the chewing surface of back teeth against tooth decay.

Preventive dental care has greatly improved the oral health of American children. It is now possible for many children to reach adulthood without ever experiencing tooth decay and that is why good oral health practices should begin in infancy and continue throughout adult life.

Brushing your Infant's Teeth

For infants, parents should wipe the teeth and gums with a clean gauze or cloth. To make this easier, it is recommended that parents sit on a sofa with the child's head in their lap or put the child on a dressing table or floor to allow them to easily see the child's mouth.

Establish Brushing Habits Early

Attitudes and habits established at an early age are critical in maintaining good oral health throughout life. Parents must figure out ways to encourage their children to brush and floss regularly and one very important way is by setting a good example.

Set a Good Example
If parents demonstrate that they brush and floss regularly, it is more likely the child will too. Parents also must teach children proper brushing and flossing techniques.

Use Proper Toothbrush
Parents should purchase an ADA-accepted child-sized toothbrush, with soft bristles. Begin brushing your child's teeth with a little water as soon as the first tooth appears. If you are considering using toothpaste before age two, ask your dentist or physician first.

Flossing
Flossing is a bit more difficult to master. Your dentist or hygienist can demonstrate proper brushing and flossing techniques. Supervise brushing and flossing until you're certain the child is doing both properly.

This information is from the American Dental Association.
For more information about the ADA position on this and other health issues, visit the ADA Web site at http://www.ada.org



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